Sapphire

Sapphire - Species Overview

(Corundum · Al₂O₃)

Sapphire is the gem variety of corundum, one of the hardest natural minerals on Earth. It is very durable and brilliant and is well suited for jewelry. Although most people think of a deep blue when they think of sapphire, any color of corundum other than red is labeled as sapphire.

Origins

Natural sapphires are mined worldwide with notable sources including:

Montana, USA
- These gems typically range from green to deep blue and tend to be on the smaller side
Madagascar (Ilakaka)
Tanzania (Winza, Umba, Songea)
- These stones often show inclusions but come in beautiful colors
Australia
- Known for parti/party sapphires which come in a mix of deep blue and yellow
Nigeria
- Often darker blues and greens

Synthetics

Synthetic sapphires have been produced since 1873, but they became commercially viable in 1902 with the introduction of the flame‑fusion (Verneuil) process. Most of the synthetic sapphires we offer are cut from material grown by this method, as it allows for a wide range of vibrant colors and makes it possible to cut larger stones at prices that would be impractical for their natural counterparts.

We also occasionally offer stones grown by the Czochralski (pulling) method. This technique produces higher‑quality material with more consistent color and a cleaner crystal structure overall. However, it is more expensive—both in rough form and as finished cut stones.